超临界压力下正庚烷的湍流传热数值研究

 应用修正的对应态方法、基本的热力学关系式和Soave-Redlich-Kwong(SRK)状态方程计算了超临界压力下流体的传输物性和热力学性质,并将这些普适性的物性计算方法与计算流体力学（CFD）数值模型相结合,针对火箭推进系统、高超声速飞行器相关的超临界传热和发动机冷却现象,在准确考虑热力学性质和传输物性变化情况下,系统地研究了一种典型的碳氢燃料——正庚烷在超临界压力下的湍流传热现象,详细分析了超临界压力对流动和传热的影响,揭示了对流换热努塞尔数的变化规律,并将数值模拟计算结果与已有经验公式进行了比较。计算结果显示在超临界压力下,努塞尔数随着压力的降低而降低,并且在临界区域附近会出现湍流传热的恶化和波动现象。     

周期性变截面微通道热沉内流体流动与传热特性

以去离子水为冷却工质,对周期性变截面微通道热沉内流体流动与传热特性进行了实验研究.获得了流体流过周期性变截面微通道热沉内的摩擦阻力系数、Nu数、不同热流密度下的加热膜温度、热阻和泵功的关系,并与传统直通道进行比较分析,结果显示周期性变截面微通道热沉由于流体冲击肋侧壁,增加了局部阻力,导致消耗的泵功增加,但换热能力却有了显著的提高,壁面温差减小,具有非常优越的换热性能,能够满足高热流密度微电子器件冷却的需要.      

动载对管内沸腾两相流传热特性的影响

对旋转状态下的单相水及加热单相水至沸腾的两相流进行了对比实验.通过对热耗散、流型、流阻及传热的分析与计算,研究了动载对流体流动与传热的影响.结果表明:过载强烈影响两相流动(尤其是流阻)和热传递方式,增大了流体的流阻和热损失,并削弱了流体的得热能力.动载引起的冲击交混流改变了管壁温度的均匀性和变化规律,即随着过载的增大,在一定范围内,管壁底部温度降低,顶部温度升高.      

瞄准吊舱捷联惯导系统快速传递对准方法

 新型瞄准吊舱系统中安装捷联惯导系统,使其在跟踪、探测目标的同时具备一定的自主导航能力。吊舱系统中的捷联惯导一般采用较低精度的惯性器件配置,且传递对准实现过程受到机动条件的严格限制。针对该问题提出了一种“比力积分/角速度匹配”传递对准方法,利用主惯导导航信息与惯性器件输出,以及子惯导惯性器件输出实现子惯导的对准。推导了基于主、子惯导系统误差的数学模型,详细分析了器件精度与低动态条件对系统状态量可观测度的影响,并针对低精度惯性器件与低动态条件下的传递对准性能进行了数字仿真。仿真结果表明,该方法在器件低精度与低动态条件下,对准性能达到5′,优于常规传递对准方法,可满足瞄准吊舱捷联惯导系统的快速对准性能要求。     

考虑热传导的微型离心压气机设计与数值分析

为厘米级微型燃气轮机设计了一台直径为26 mm,设计转速为240 000 r/min,设计流量为30 g/s的微型离心压气机,并在壁面绝热条件和壁面等温传热两种条件下,运用CFX软件进行了数值模拟.结果表明,在同样的轴输入功的情况下,壁面等温传热条件下流量比绝热条件减小7.53%,总对总等熵效率降低约18.1%,总压比减小21.7%.在此基础上,考虑热传导对微型离心压气机进行了改进设计,CFX软件分析结果表明,改进后的设计满足微型燃机总体设计要求.      

盘面温度水平对自由盘层流换热的影响

采用数值模拟的方法,研究冷气与盘面的温差(即不同盘面温度水平)导致的冷气密度变化对自由盘盘面换热所产生的影响(采用局部努塞尔数的相对偏差进行衡量),对比不可压空气与可压缩空气的换热计算结果发现:对于自由盘层流,盘面过余温度分布曲线的指数、盘面无量纲最大温差以及旋转雷诺数对盘面局部努塞尔数的相对偏差的影响可以忽略,相对偏差只与盘面无量纲局部温差有关;通过对计算数据进行拟合之后,得到了层流时自由盘盘面局部努塞尔数的相对偏差与盘面无量纲局部温差的计算关联式.      

涡轮叶片弦中区扰流柱强化换热实验

针对涡轮叶片弦中区扰流柱支撑冲击导管的冷却结构建立实验模型,研究了随冲击雷诺数,横流射流密流比,冲击孔靶间距与冲击孔径比等参数的改变,叶片内壁面的换热特性变化规律.并与传统的弦向肋支撑冲击导管冷却结构的光滑壁面换热特性进行对比,重点研究了弦中区扰流柱的强化换热特性.结果表明:弦中区扰流柱明显降低了叶片前缘和前排冲击产生的初始横流削弱换热的负面作用,前缘或前排冲击产生的初始横流可以有效地增强其后部的换热努塞尔数,扰流柱支撑结构所表现出的换热效率优于传统的大间距弦向肋支撑结构.      

舰载燃气轮机间冷器传热与流动的数值模拟

针对平直型翅片板翅式间冷器矩形通道的结构特点,建立了流动换热分析的耦合计算模型,应用计算流体动力学方法对间冷器的通道流场进行了数值模拟.分析了计算区域内多个截面的温度、压力、局部传热系数等参数的分布图形和变化趋势,并考察了不同工况下间冷器的换热性能和压力损失.所得结论可为舰载燃气轮机间冷器的设计与优化提供有益的参考.      

Development and calibration of heat transfer coefficient sensor for rotational state

A novel heat transfer coefficient sensor is introduced and the design, manufacture,and calibration are described.The intended application of this instrument was on a high rotational speed test disc. In the experiments,the heat transfer coefficient sensor was calibrated under static state and rotational state respectively. The calibration under the static state was accomplished in a pipe: the inside diameter (ID) was 0.048m and the total length was 4m, the distance between the sensor and the inlet of the pipe was 3.5m; the standard value was measured using a self-made calibrator. The calibration under the rotational state was accomplished using a rotating disc: the diameter and thickness of the stainless disc were 800mm and 25mm, respectively;the sensor was installed at the location of r =250mm; the rotating disc driven by a 30kW direct current motor can supply the maximum rotational speed of 3000r/min. The standard value under rotational state was provided by an approximate empirical formula. The results show that the designed sensor can measure heat transfer coefficient directly under rotational state and static state with good accuracy and stability; the correlation factor of K are constant under static state and rotational state.      

Effects of temperature distribution and level on heat transfer on a rotating free disk

In gas turbine engines, with the existence of the intense forced convection and significant buoyancy effects, temperature distribution and level on turbine or compressor disks affect the heat transfer characteristics strongly. In this paper, numerical simulations were performed to analyze these influences for a free disk, with the laminar and turbulent flow respectively. The influences of temperature distribution on the heat transfer were observed by using incompressible cooling air, and temperature profiles of nth order monomial and polynomial were assumed on the disk. The analysis revealed that the heat transfer for two flow states on the free disk is determined by the exponent n of the monomial profile when specifying the rotating Reynolds number; for an arbitrary polynomial profile, the local Nusselt number can be deduced from results of monomial profiles. To study the effects of temperature level on heat transfer singly, monomial profiles were used and the local Nusselt number of compressible and incompressible cooling air were compared.And both for two flow states, the following conclusions could be drawn: the relative difference of local Nusselt number is mainly controlled by nondimensional local temperature difference, and almost independent of the monomial's coefficient C, exponent n and the rotating Reynolds number. Subsequently, a correction method for heat transfer of the free disk is presented and verified computationally, with which the local Nusselt number, obtained with a uniform and low temperature profile, can be revised by arbitrary distribution and high temperature magnitude.